Class 5 Social Studies Chapter 19 - Exercise

 Chapter 19 - The Struggle for Independence

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. Social reformers fought against the evils in Indian society.
2. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in 1885 in Mumbai.
3. The Congress leaders who preferred a soft persuasive approach towards the British were known as moderates.
4. Indians who thought that the British should be driven out with the help of arms were known as revolutionaries.
5. Bal Gangadhar Tilak started the newspaper Kesari.
6. During the Swadeshi Movement, people burnt British goods.

B. Name the following.

1. Two social reformers:
   Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Dayanand Saraswati, Savitri Phule, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
   
   
2. Two moderates:
   Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.
   
   
3. Two leaders in the Indian National Congress who wanted to take a stronger approach to the British:
   Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chnadra Pal.
   
   
4. Two Revolutionaries:
   Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Aurobindo Ghosh, Barun Ghosh, Khudiram Bose, Udham Singh.

C. Answer the following questions.

1. According to the social reformers, why was Indian society divided and backward?
   Answer: Indian society was divided and backward due to social evils like caste system, sati pratha, child marriage, killing female babies, etc.
   
   
2. Why did the reformers want to educate the people of India?
   Answer: Social reformers realised that social evils such as outdated customs and superstitions could be removed by education.
   Education can help in the progress of Indian society.
   
   
3. How did the thinking of the educated people in India change after the First War of Independence?
   Answer: Educated people of India realised the injustice of British rule and the value of freedom.
   
   
4. What was the difference between the 'moderates' and the 'radicals'?
   Answer: The moderates took the softer approach towards the British.
   Whereas the radicals believed in the stronger and more active opposition to the British.
   
   
5. Who said 'Freedom is my birthright, and I shall have it'?
   Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
   
   
6. Why did the British think of partitioning Bengal?
   Answer: The feeling of nationalism was growing among the Indians. It was the strongest at that time in Bengal.
   
   The British realised that the Unity of the Indians was very dangerous for them. So the British divided Bengal on the basis of religion in 1905.
   
   
7. What was the Swadeshi Movement?
   Answer: Swadeshi means 'own country'. In Swadeshi Movement, People pledged to use goods made in India only and boycotted British goods. People burnt the British goods.
   
   This movement started in Bengal but soon it spread to other parts of India. Everyone including women and students participated in the movement.
   
   
8. Why did the British impose more taxes on the people after World War I?
   Answer: The British imposed more taxes on the people to recover the losses they suffered in World War I.
   
   

D. Multiple choice questions.

1. Who among these were social reformers?
   (A) Syed Ahmed Khan
   (B) Dayanand Saraswati
   (C) Raja Rammohan Roy
   (D) All of these
   
   
2. Who among these was not a 'moderate'?
   (A) Dadabhai Noaroji
   (B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
   (C) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
   (D) W C Bonnerjee
   
   
3. Who said these words - "Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it'?
   (A) Lall Lajpat Rai
   (B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
   (C) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
   (D) Bipin Chandra Pal
   
   
4. The British efforts at partitioning Bengal gave rise to:
   (A) Formation of Indian National Congress
   (B) World War I
   (C) Swadeshi Movement
   (D) Revolutionary Movement
   
   
5. Mahatma Gandhi came back to India from South Africa
   (A) in 1905 when the British decided to divide Bengal
   (B) in 1914 when World War I broke out
   (C) in 1857 when the First War of Independence started
   (D) in 1915 while World War I was going on

E. Extra questions and answers.

1. Why were the revolutionaries not joined by the many people?
   Answer: The revolutionaries used violent means of protest, hence the general masses did not join the revolutionaries.
   
   
2. What did the British do to stop the Swadeshi Movement?
   Answer: People were fined and beaten mercilessly. The British tried to ruthlessly crush the movement.
   
   
3. Why did Bal Gangadhar Tilak start the newspaper 'Kesari'?
   Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak wanted to speak about the injustice of the British through the newspaper.
   He also wanted to arouse the feeling of patriotism in Indians.